Malignant narcissism is a psychological syndrome comprising an extreme mix of narcissism, antisocial behavior, aggression, and sadism.[1]Grandiose, and always ready to raise hostility levels, the malignant narcissist undermines families and organizations in which they are involved, and dehumanizes the people with whom they associate.[2]
Malignant narcissism is a hypothetical, experimental diagnostic category. Narcissistic personality disorder is found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR), while malignant narcissism is not. As a hypothetical syndrome, malignant narcissism could include aspects of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) alongside a mix of antisocial, paranoid and sadistic personality disorder traits. The importance of malignant narcissism and of projection as a defense mechanism has been confirmed in paranoia, as well as 'the patient's vulnerability to malignant narcissistic regression'.[3]
History[edit]
The social psychologistErich Fromm first coined the term 'malignant narcissism' in 1964, describing it as a 'severe mental sickness' representing 'the quintessence of evil'. He characterized the condition as 'the most severe pathology and the root of the most vicious destructiveness and inhumanity'.[4]Edith Weigert (1967) saw malignant narcissism as a 'regressive escape from frustration by distortion and denial of reality', while Herbert Rosenfeld (1971) described it as 'a disturbing form of narcissistic personality where grandiosity is built around aggression and the destructive aspects of the self become idealized'.[5]
On 11 May 1968, the psychoanalyst Otto Kernberg presented his paper Factors in the Psychoanalytic Treatment of Narcissistic Personalities, from the work of the Psychotherapy Research Project of The Menninger Foundation, at the 55th Annual Meeting of the American Psychoanalytic Association in Boston.[6] Kernberg's paper was first published in hard copy on 1 January 1970.[6] In Kernberg's 1968 paper, first published in 1970 in the Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association (JAPA), the word 'malignant' does not appear once, while 'pathological' or 'pathologically' appears 25 times.[6]
Wifi dongle for tv. Developing these ideas further, Kernberg pointed out that the antisocial personality was fundamentally narcissistic and without morality.[6] Malignant narcissism includes a sadistic element creating, in essence, a sadistic psychopath. In his article, 'malignant narcissism' and psychopathy are employed interchangeably. Kernberg first proposed malignant narcissism as a psychiatric diagnosis in 1984, but so far it has not been accepted in any of the medical manuals, such as the ICD-10 or the DSM-5.
Kernberg described malignant narcissism[7] as a syndrome characterized by a narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), antisocial features, paranoid traits, and egosyntonicaggression. Other symptoms may include an absence of conscience, a psychological need for power, and a sense of importance (grandiosity). Pollock wrote: 'The malignant narcissist is presented as pathologically grandiose, lacking in conscience and behavioral regulation with characteristic demonstrations of joyful cruelty and sadism'.[8]
Kernberg believed that malignant narcissism should be considered part of a spectrum of pathological narcissism, which he saw as ranging from Hervey M. Cleckley's antisocial character (what is now referred to as psychopathy or antisocial personality) at the high end of severity, through malignant narcissism, and then to narcissistic personality disorder at the low end.[9] The malignant narcissist thus represents a less extreme form of pathological narcissism than psychopathy. Malignant narcissism can be distinguished from psychopathy, according to Kernberg, because of the malignant narcissist's capacity to internalize 'both aggressive and idealized superego precursors, leading to the idealization of the aggressive, sadistic features of the pathological grandiose self of these patients'. According to Kernberg, the psychopath's paranoid stance against external influences makes him or her unwilling to internalize even the values of the 'aggressor', while malignant narcissists 'have the capacity to admire powerful people, and can depend on sadistic and powerful but reliable parental images'. Malignant narcissists, in contrast to psychopaths, are also said to be capable of developing 'some identification with other powerful idealized figures as part of a cohesive 'gang'..which permits at least some loyalty and good object relations to be internalized'. 'Some of them may present rationalized antisocial behavior â for example, as leaders of sadistic gangs or terrorist groups..with the capacity for loyalty to their own comrades'.[10]
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Psychological Disorders of Serial Killers High number of crimes is being recorded every day, such as rape, murder, kidnapping and a lot more. Psychopath/Sociopath or all known as Antisocial Personality Disorder: There are two main characteristics, manipulation and deceit.
Psychopathy[edit]
The terms 'malignant narcissist' and 'psychopath' are sometimes used interchangeably because there is little to clinically separate the two. Individuals with narcissistic personality disorder, malignant narcissism, and psychopathy all display similar traits which are outlined in the Hare Psychopathy Checklist. The test has 20 items scored on a three-point scale, with a rating of 0 if it does not apply at all, 1 if there is a partial match or mixed information, and 2 if there is a reasonably good match. With a maximum score of 40, the cut-off for the label of psychopathy is 30 in the United States and 25 in the United Kingdom. High scores are positively associated with measures of impulsivity and aggression, Machiavellianism, persistent criminal behavior, and negatively associated with measures of empathy and affiliation.
Malignant narcissism is highlighted as a key area in the study of mass murder, sexual, and serial murder.[11][12]
Contrast with narcissism[edit]![]()
The primary difference between narcissism and malignant narcissism is that malignant narcissism includes comorbid features of other personality disorders, and thus consists of a broader range of symptoms than pathological narcissism (NPD) alone. In malignant narcissism, NPD is accompanied by additional symptoms of antisocial, paranoid and sadistic personality disorders. While a person with NPD will deliberately damage other people in pursuit of their own selfish desires, they may regret and will in some circumstances show remorse for doing so. Because ASPD traits are present in malignant narcissism, the 'malignant narcissist' suffers from a more pervasive lack of empathy than someone with NPD alone and will lack feelings of guilt or remorse for the damage they cause. Since sadism is often considered a feature of malignant narcissism, an individual with the syndrome may not only lack feelings of guilt or remorse for hurting others, but may even derive pleasure from the gratuitous infliction of mental or physical pain on others. These traits were formerly codified in the DSM-III under sadistic personality disorder (SPD).
Therapy[edit]
Typically in the analysis of the malignant narcissist, 'the patient attempts to triumph over the analyst by destroying the analysis and himself or herself'[13]âan extreme version of what Jacques Lacan described as 'that resistance of the amour-propre..which is often expressed thus: 'I can't bear the thought of being freed by anyone other than myself'.[14]
See also[edit]References[edit]
External links[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malignant_narcissism&oldid=911710139'
Rape or sexual assault: what do I do now?
Screen grab of serial killer Rodney James Alcala. Picture: News LimitedSource:News Limited
THROUGHOUT the 1970s, Rodney Alcala murdered at least seven women across California and New York, becoming one of the most notorious serial killers of the 20th Century.
But while most killers operate in the shadows, Alcala preferred the spotlight. He became an unlikely winner on ABCâs long-running game show The Dating Game, where he successfully charmed a young lady on television, in front of millions of viewers, while in the middle of a prolific killing spree.
Alcalaâs youth was a troubled one.
He was born in Texas and moved to Mexico when he was eight. His father abandoned the family three years later, and Alcala wound up in L.A.
He dropped out of school at 17 and joined the army, but quickly suffered a nervous breakdown and was discharged; the military diagnosed him with anti-social personality disorder.
This would be the first in a laundry list of diagnoses levelled at Alcala over the years: borderline personality disorder; sexual sadism comorbidity; psychopathy; narcissistic personality disorder.
Serial killer Rodney James Alcala on the TV show The Dating Game in 1978, where he was chosen by contestant Cheryl Bradshaw. Picture: News LimitedSource:News Limited
Unfortunately, many of these proposed disorders came after Alcala was arrested in 1979. A year earlier he was one of three âbachelorsâ vying for the heart of contestant Cheryl Bradshaw. Alcala turned on the TV charm.
âOh yeah, I remember it quite clearly,â Jed Mills, the contestant who sat next to Alcala on the show, told CNN some 38 years after the appearance. âHe was creepy. Definitely creepy.â
Shockingly, at the time of the showâs shoot, Alcala had already been charged with the 1968 assault of an eight-year-old girl, and had even briefly landed on the FBIâs Ten Most Wanted Fugitives in 1971 after fleeing the state before arrest.
Serial killer Rodney James Alcala. Picture: News Limited.Source:News Limited
The Dating Game clearly didnât vet its contestants thoroughly â if at all.
âSomething about him, I could not be near him,â Mr Mills said of watching the tapes back. âI am kind of bending toward the other guy to get away from him, and I donât know if I did that consciously. But thinking back on that, I probably did.â
In the green room before filming, he recalled Alcala as being âvery obnoxious and creepyâ, and âvery unlikable and rude and imposing as though he was trying to intimidate.â
Mr Mills tried to keep his distance.
âHe got creepier and more negative. Dreambox 8000 cccam installieren. He was a standout creepy guy in my life.â
While Mr Millsâ recollections may have been sharpened and coloured by the subsequent facts that came to light, there is no doubt that something was a little off with Alcala.
The psychology of someone who takes time during a prolific murder spree to appear on a frothy television dating show is too complex to enter into here, but the actual footage from the show is surreal, if only in hindsight.
Convicted serial killer Rodney James Alcala (right). Picture: Supplied.Source:AP
Alcala was introduced by the host as a âsuccessful photographerâ who got his start in the trade when he was a mere teenager.
This otherwise chirpy description of Alcala takes on darker implications when considering that at the time of his murder arrest, just a year after his TV appearance, detectives uncovered just over a thousand photographs Alcala had taken of various men, women and children.
The subjects were always naked; the majority of the photos were sexually explicit.
Borderline Personality Disorder
In 2010, both the New York and Huntington Beach police departments released a cache of 120 of these photos to the public, in the hopes of identifying any of the people featured. Around 900 of the pictures were not made public as they were either too explicit or involved child pornography.
Rodney Alcala talks with his investigator, Alfredo Rasch. Picture: Michael Goulding.Source:AP
Within weeks, 21 women came forward as the subject of photographs; more tragically, six missing persons were also identified during this early stage.
Police were certain that many of these photos contained Alcalaâs victims.
Despite this, none of the photographs were definitively linked to any murders until 2013, when the family of Christine Thornton â whose body was found in 1982 â recognised her photo among the chilling collection.
âWe fear he is one of the most prolific serial killers on the West Coast in the 1970s, up there with Ted Bundy,â Orange County Deputy District lawyer Matt Murphy said at the time of releasing the cache of photos.
Dealing With Narcissistic Personality Disorder
âHe is a predatory monster, and when you see all these young women in positions of vulnerability with him, it makes you fear what happened to them.â
One person who didnât suspect Alcalaâs predatory ways â at least not upon first impressions â was Ms Bradshaw, the women who weighed up the three potential partners on The Dating Game.
Watch the footage of Ms Bradshaw. It takes on a B grade movie quality when armed with the knowledge that Alcala was in the middle of a killing spree.
âWhatâs your best time?â she asked him off the bat.
âThe best time is at night,â Alcala grinned. âNight-time.â
She was sufficiently charmed to choose Alcala as her bachelor, but alas the date never happened; she backed out for undisclosed reasons.
Alcala was sentenced to death in 2010 for five murders.
Since then he has been charged with two further murders, and implicated in two others.
Narcissistic
His actual victim count is presumed to be a lot higher.
Mothers With Narcissistic Personality Disorder
âBachelor No. 1 is a successful photographer who got his start when his father found him in the dark room at the age of 13, fully developed.
10 Signs Of Narcissistic Personality
âBetween takes you might find him skydiving or motor-cycling. Please welcome Rodney Alcala.â
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